粤西乐昌含笑种源试验分析*

以大坑山林场乐昌含笑种源试验林7年生观测数据作遗传变异分析,表型变异分析结果表明树高、胸径、材积、树干通直度、叶片大小、树冠浓密度和冠幅等7个性状种源间都存在较大的差异;方差分析结果表明大部分性状种源间差异达极显著或显著水平;遗传参数估计结果表明生长性状的种源遗传力处于中等偏下水平,形质性状处于中等水平,材积的遗传变异系数最大;根据多重比较结果,以材积为选择目标,选出6个速生种源,增益介于11.1%～35.1%之间。粤西乐昌含笑优良种源主要集中在广东和江西交界的多个县市。     

华南地区短枝木麻黄种源试验

对华南地区短枝木麻黄种源 16个性状的两试点联合方差分析表明 :除 PBA和 PBL 外 ,其它性状在地点间有极显著差异 ,表明参试种源在两个地点分别进行种源筛选 ;除 1年生树高、2～ 3年生单株材积外 ,其它数量性状在种源间有显著或极显著差异 ;4年生的树高、胸径、单株材积、PBD、PBT、PBL在种源×地点 ( P× S)互作间有显著或极显著差异。方差分量比例计算结算表明 ,2～ 4年生时 ,除 4年生单株材积方差分量比例略有降低外 ,树高、胸径和单株材积的地点方差分量比例及 P× S互作的方差分量比例均随年龄的增加而增加 ;质量性状 SFA、SFS、PBD和 PBT,地点方差分量比例最大 ,而种源或加上 P× S互作的方差分量 <10 %。当不考虑 P× S互作效应时 ,种源数量性状和质量性状的遗传变异系数和广义遗传力均比考虑互作效应时相应性状的遗传变异系数和广义遗传力大。4年生树高、胸径、保存率、SFA和 SF S等 6个性状 ,按地点对参试种源进行评定结果为 :试验 E94 6中 ,优良种源为 180 86、18118、183 55、180 13、182 4 4、18119、182 88、183 4 8、180 15和 180 0 8;试验 E94 4中优良种源有 18154、183 55、1812 8、18143、18153、1812 7、1813 4、142 3 3和 182 88。这些种源均好于国内对照种源 ,分别占各自参试种源的     

Simulation of drainage water quality with DRAINMOD

The design and management of drainage systems should consider impacts on drainage water quality and receiving streams, as well as on agricultural productivity. Two simulation models that are being developed to predict these impacts are briefly described. DRAINMOD-N uses hydrologic predictions by DRAINMOD, including daily soil water fluxes, in numerical solutions to the advective-dispersive-reactive (ADR) equation to describe movement and fate of NO₃-N in shallow water table soils. DRAINMOD- CREAMS links DRAINMOD hydrology with submodels in CREAMS to predict effects of drainage treatment and controlled drainage losses of sediment and agricultural chemicals via surface runoff. The models were applied to analyze effects of drainage intensity on a Portsmouth sandy loam in eastern North Carolina. Depending on surface depressional storage, agricultural production objectives could be satisfied with drain spacings of 40 m or less. Predicted effects of drainage design and management on NO₃-N losses were substantial. Increasing drain spacing from 20 m to 40 m reduced predicted NO₃-N losses by over 45% for both good and poor surface drainage. Controlled drainage further decreases NO₃-N losses. For example, predicted average annual NO₃-N losses for a 30 m spacing were reduced 50% by controlled drainage. Splitting the application of nitrogen fertilizer, so that 100 kg/ha is applied at planting and 50 kg/ha is applied 37 days later, reduced average predicted NO₃-N losses but by only 5 to 6%. This practice was more effective in years when heavy rainfall occurred directly after planting. In contrast to effects on NO₃-N losses, reducing drainage intensity by increasing drain spacing or use of controlled drainage increased predicted losses of sediment and phosphorus (P). These losses were small for relatively flat conditions (0.2% slope), but may be large for even moderate slopes. For example, predicted sediment losses for a 2% slope exceeded 8000 kg/ha for a poorly drained condition (drain spacing of 100 m), but were reduced to 2100 kg/ha for a 20 m spacing. Agricultural production and water quality goals are sometimes in conflict. Our results indicate that simulation modeling can be used to examine the benefits of alternative designs and management strategies, from both production and environmental points-of-view. The utility of this methodology places additional emphasis on the need for field experiments to test the validity of the models over a range of soil, site and climatological conditions.     

基于小波变换的基波无功实时检测

分析了SVC装置现有的无功功率检测方法，提出了一种基于正交小波变换的基波无功功率实时检测方法。该方法用电力系统电压、电流信号离散采集的数据，可方便地对系统功率因数实时检测，能有效地分解和计算含各次谐波和随机干扰的电压、电流信号中的基波分量，从而得到实时的无功功率数据。通过仿真，验证了实时检测方法的有效性。     

发动机微机控制系统性能测试仪的研究

介绍最新研制的发动机微机控制系统性能测试仪的结构和技术方案。     

再生水根区交替灌溉对马铃薯中重金属累积和分布的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了再生水根区交替灌溉对马铃薯重金属累积及分布的影响.结果表明,不同的灌溉条件处理下,4种重金属在马铃薯内积累趋势表现为:Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd;Cd在马铃薯内的分布趋势为茎>叶、根>果实;Pb在马铃薯内的分布趋势为叶>根>茎、果实;Cu在马铃薯内的分布趋势为茎>叶>根>果实;Zn在马铃薯内的分布趋...     

自动给水栓灌溉系统的运行模拟与研究

根据广东省台山市都斛镇水稻田控制排灌田间工程试验区的实测资料 ,探讨了在已定工作水头和输水管管径的条件下 ,不同出水口开启状况下各给水栓出流量的数学分析方法 ,同时模拟计算了不同管径 (或改变水头 )条件下给水栓系统运行状态的变化 ,并与实际观测情况进行了比较和分析     

Controlled water table management as a strategy for reducing salt loads from subsurface drainage under perennial agriculture in semi-arid Australia

Recent community based actions to ensure the sustainability of irrigation and protection of associated ecosystems in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) of Australia has seen the implementation of a regional Land and Water Management Plan. This aims to improve land and water management within the irrigation area and minimise downstream impacts associated with irrigation. One of the plan objectives is to decrease current salt loads generated from subsurface drainage in perennial horticulture within the area from 20 000 tonnes/year to 17 000 tonnes/year. In order to meet such objectives Controlled Water table Management (CWM) is being investigated as a possible ‘Best Management Practice’, to reduce drainage volumes and salt loads.During 2000–2002 a trial was conducted on a 15 ha subsurface drained vineyard. This compared a traditional unmanaged subsurface drainage system with a controlled drainage system utilizing weirs to maintain water tables and changes in irrigation scheduling to maximize the potential crop use of a shallow water table. Drainage volumes, salt loads and water table elevations throughout the field were monitored to investigate the effects of controlled drainage on drain flows and salt loads.Results from the experiment showed that controlled drainage significantly reduced drainage volumes and salt loads compared to unmanaged systems. However, there were marked increases in soil salinity which will need to be carefully monitored and managed.     

团花混交林试验初报

对西双版纳景洪市景哈试验点团花与马占相思混交林4年生的统计分析证实,团花纯林树高年均生长量为2.73 m,是混交林树高的1.26倍,纯林胸径年生长量为3.24 cm,是混交林胸径的1.44倍.混交林伴生树种马占相思对团花树高和胸径的生长影响很大.     

几种药剂防治柑橘黑斑病的田间药效试验

为筛选出防治柑橘黑星病的有效药剂,以南丰蜜橘为研究对象,对柑橘黑斑病进行田间防治试验。结果表明:10%苯醚甲环唑1000倍防治效果最好,防治效果为92.32%;80%代森锰锌+70%甲基托布津复配500倍防治效果次之,防治效果为91.45%;依次是80%代森锰锌400倍、70%甲基托布津400倍和10%苯醚甲环唑1500倍,防治效果分别为87.32%、84.65%和83.56%。